These are Greek in manner but the subjects do not generally appear in this form on Greek gems.

West

29/1 Gibraltar 26, from Gorham's Cave. AJBA 2 (1972) 135, fig. 3, no. 23 (Culican); Lopez de la Orden, no. 23. BH. Naked man, holding a cup (?) with a dog leaping up to him.

29/2 Ibiza no. 205 (Madrid 36998). BH;PB. A youth with chlamys and stick (?) holds a goat on his forearm (rather like a statue), with a seated jackal (?) before him. III

29/3 Ibiza no. 206 (Madrid 37016). BH. A youth (dwarf?) with a bag at his back and holding (?), a dog beside him. IV

29/4 Ibiza no. 207 (Madrid 37003). BH;PB. A youth wearing a quiver fires an arrow, a dog leaps before him. I

29/5 Ibiza no. 208 (Barcelona 9375). BH;PB. A bearded man walks holding two live goats on a staff over his shoulder. I

29/6 Carthage no. 602. BH. Lower part of youth with chlamys, attended by a dog. III

29/7 Carthage no. 607. BH. Stag running from a man with spear and club (?). III/IV

29/8 Carthage no. 616. Gubel, Furn no. 154. BH;EXnb. Youth seated on a folding stool; a bow? at his back; a trident spear before him and holding a kantharos with four flowers? emerging; a dog leaps before him. I

29/9 Kerkouan Museum. REPPAL 9 (1995) pl. 13.32. BH. A man walks with a dog on a lead.

29/10 Paris, BN, Chandon de Briailles. BH. Man in cap, with spear, holding a titbit for a dog beside him. III

For the scenes with a man sacrificing (or simply cutting up) a turtle, see E. Acquaro in RSF 4 (1976) 167-170; he relates them to Etruscan scenes of sacrifice (but not of turtles).

West

29/11 Cagliari 9525 (Spano 54), from Tharros. Ebers, pl. H 67; AG pl. 15.54. BH. Crouching man milks goat into pail. The standing figure of a man with a stick is poised at an angle over the group, unrealistically. III

29/12 Cagliari 9523 (Spano 44), from Tharros. AG pl. 15.55. BH. A man with stick drives a kid (?). Star above. III

29/13 Cagliari 19874, from Tharros. AG pl. 15.56. BH; on a gold hoop B. A man with a stick drives a pig. Star and disc-and-crescent above. III

29/14 Cagliari 35122 (Gouin). BH. A man holds a large fish. Another or a snake behind. II/III

29/15 Cagliari 19876, from Tharros. BH. AG pl. 15.59; RSF 4 (1976) pl. 24.2 (Acquaro). A man holds a turtle which he prepares to cut up with a large knife. I

29/16 Cagliari 19875, from Tharros. AG pl. 15.60; RSF 4 (1976) pl. 24.1 (Acquaro). BH; on a gold hoop B. A kneeling man prepares to cut up a turtle over a table; murex shell behind. I

West

29/17 Ibiza no. 201 (Barcelona 9384). BH;PB. Youth kneels with an adze trimming a pole. I

29/18 Ibiza no. 202 (Ibiza 3132). BH. A man trims a post or statue with a hammer. IV

29/19 Cagliari 9482 (Spano 13), from Tharros. AG pl. 15.62; RSF 17 (1989) pl. 12a (Acquaro). BH. A man kneels to work on a plough with an adze; a branch behind. III

29/20 Cagliari 9459 (Spano 48), from Tharros. AG pl. 15.61; RSF 17 (1989) pl. 12b (Acquaro). BH. A man kneels to work with an adze on an anchor (?). III

29/21 Cagliari 9502, from Tharros. BH. A man kneels; incomplete cutting before him. III

29/22 Tharros pl. 63f (BM ANE 133539), London no. 402, pl. 7. BH;PB. Youth kneels with an adze to trim a plough. III

29/23 Tharros pl. 63g (BM ANE 133493), London no. 400. BH. Kneeling man holding a large curved object. III

OTHER MATERIALS

29/X1 Barcelona, from Ampurias. M. Almagro, La Necropolis de Ampurias 1 (1953) pl. 13.19. Cornelian. BL. A man standing with chlamys, holding a branch; a dog upright before him.

The subjects are in Greek terms broadly ephebic, with paraphernalia reflecting either the post-symposiac komos, or the exercise ground (palaistra) or sometimes both. The komasts are mainly late archaic in posture, the athletes more 5th-century. All subjects are readily paralleled on Greek gems.

West

30/1 Carthage no. 612. BH; on silver hoop B. Running youth. III

30/2 Carthage no. 613. BH. Two running figures, probably dancing. III

30/3 Cagliari 9527(?5), from Tharros. Atti I. Conv.Ital. pl. 13.4. BH. Youth looking back, holding a pipe (?), a knobbed stick behind him, a letter (gimel) before. III

30/4 Cagliari 9509 (Spano 108), from Tharros. BH. Figure as the last; a bud before. III

30/5 Cagliari 9462 (Spano 50), from Tharros. AG pl. 15.19. BH. Figure as the last; behind him a discus (?) on a stand. III

30/6 Cagliari 19877, from Tharros. AG pl. 15.44. B? Youth looking back holding lyre and jug (?). I

30/7 Cagliari 379, from Tharros. Anecd pl. 26.B28. BL; on silver hoop C. Kneeling youth holding cup. I

30/8 Cagliari 9471 (Spano 21), from Tharros. AG pl. 15.46. BL. Kneeling youth holding wine amphora. III

30/9 Cagliari 353, from Tharros. BH. Running youth holding cup and pipes (?). III/IV

30/10 Cagliari 9474 (Spano 57), from Tharros. AG pl. 15.45. BH. Kneeling youth holding kantharos and jug. I

30/11 Cagliari. AG pl. 15.21. BH. Running youth holding lyre and wreath. III

30/12 From Caralis/Ibba. Taramelli, 162, fig. 78. BL. Kneeling youth holding cup and (?).

30/13 Biggio pl. 21.6, from Sulcis. BH; on gold hoop. Youth walks holding cup to lips.

30/14 Ibiza no. 209, pl. 33. BH. Running youth holding kantharos and jug (?).

30/15 Ibiza no. 210, pl. 33 (Ibiza 6148). BH, half missing. Running (dancing?) youth. Frontal Bes head behind. IV

30/16 Paris, Louvre AO 17249, from Ras Shamra, R.A. Stucky, Ras Shamra. Leukos Limen (1983) pl. 27.2. BL. Dancer? Gouged. IV

30/17 Cambridge no. 42, `acquired in Egypt'. BH;PB. Running youth holding cup and jug. I

30/18 Bollmann Coll., `from Eretria'. BH; gable back. Running youth holding jug and raising a cup to his lips.

30/19 New York, Rosen 209. MM Liste 450 (1982) no. 418. BH. Kneeling youth holding flower (or cup) and staff. III

30/20 Cambridge no. 16. GGFR pl. 416. BH. Kneeling youth holding lyre and cock.

30/21 Bonn, Müller Coll. BH. Kneeling youth looking back, holding lyre.

30/22 Rome 107994. RPA 30/31 (1957/9) 226. fig. 8. BL. Youth holding lyre (?).

West

30/23 Gibraltar 28, from Gorham's Cave. AJBA 2 (1972) 135, fig. 3 (Culican); Lopez de la Orden, no. 21. BH. Naked youth stoops to scrape his shin with a strigil; aryballos (?) behind him. Cf. AGGems pl. 17.259.

30/24 Carthage no. 608. Quillard, no. 70, pl. 7b. BH;EXCR. Youth washing hair at a laver. In this form most like Etruscan representations of 'Peleus' on scarabs, LIMC VII (1994) 252

30/25 Carthage no. 610. BH. Youth with legs crossed leaning on stick, holding oil bottle. III

30/26 Spano Coll., from Tharros. BAS 10, * 14- *. Man leaning on stick, offering a bird to a dog who turns to take it. A popular motif on Greek gems, as AGGems nos. 285-6, 317, and grave stelai.

30/27 Cagliari. AG pl. 15.53. Standing youth, hand to foot raised behind him, holding (?).

30/28 Biggio pl. 20.5, from Sulcis. BH;PB; top half missing. Youth leans on stick, hand (?) behind him, holding in front a bag or aryballos.

30/29 Paris, Bibl.Nat., de Clercq (E 25929). BH. Youth stands leaning on a stick, holding an aryballos, a dog before him; he fastens the sandal on his left foot, raised behind him.

30/31 Amsterdam 7900. B? Standing youth with hand raised. III

OTHER MATERIALS

30/X1 Ibiza no. 239 (Madrid 37239). Blue glass. Running youth holding lyre and cock.

30/X2 Karthago II, no. 651. Clay bulla. RM 100 (1993) pl. 63.1. BH;EXnb. Running youth holding kantharos.

30/X3 Karthago II, no. 652. Clay bulla. BH. Dancing?

30/X4 Karthago II, no. 653. Clay bulla. BH. Dancing?

30/X5 Senorbi Museum, from Monte Luna, Punic cemetery. RSF 11 (1983) pl. 41.3 (Costa); Archeo 78 (1991) 30. Cornelian. Youth running, with flower.

30/X6 Carthage no. 672. Quillard, no. 68, pl. 7b. Cornelian, on gold hoop. BH. Youth in chlamys leans on stick, holding up flower (?).

The subject derives from its treatment in Greek late archaic glyptic, in terms of physique, pose and attributes. The head appears also in some of the joined-head compositions, and two flank a footprint (1/4). The tail is omitted in some versions which are not quite normal in Greek terms, having intimations of hunting, or the addition of a monkey, which may also intrude on otherwise Greek-style subjects (as AGGems no. 424, pl. 30).

West

31/1 Ibiza no. 211 (Madrid 37027). BH. Facing head, cross-hatched beard and hair. Cf. the Greek AGGems no. 230, pl. 14. V

31/2 Carthage no. 594. BH. Facing head; beaded hair. I

31/3 Carthage no. 546. BH. Profile; beading at neck. III

For Greek examples running with cups cf. AGGems nos. 84, 86, 98, 102 (pls. 6-7).

West

31/4 Ibiza no. 213 (Madrid 37002). BH. With wine amphora. I

31/5 Ibiza no. 214 (Madrid 36541). BH; on a silver hoop B. With high-stemmed cup, face frontal. I

31/6 Cagliari 22942, from Tharros. BH. Tailless (?) holding cup and jug, with three feathers(?) vertical on his head, a Bes feature. III

31/7 Cagliari 9514 (Spano 24), from Tharros. BH. With cup and small amphora.

31/8 Pres. Ena, from Tharros. Marmora pl. B 108; GazArch 1877, 74, 2. BL. With cup and drinking horn.

31/9 London no. 393, pl. 7, from Tharros. AG pl. 7.30. BH. Kneeling, with high stemmed kantharos. I

31/10 Malibu, from Sicily. IR no. 114. BH;PB. With jug, one hand raised; equine feet. I

31/11 Paris, BN Chandon de Briailles. BH; hatched ground line. To r., looking back, holding long tendril bent over head.

31/12 Geneva I, no. 152, pl. 62. RSF 8 (1980) pl. 5.1 (Bisi). BH. A rearing lion with head averted has been cut over the front of the satyr's body but is not engaged with the satyr in any way (his farther arm is raised above it) and must be judged an afterthought; but cf. Rosen 215. III

This follows the type represented by the name gem of the Master of the London Satyr, AGGems no. 93, pl. 93, cf. nos. 94, 109.

West

31/13 Cagliari 15007, from Caralis. AG pl. 15.20; Ann 1883 pl. G30. BH. Reclines on wineskin, holding an amphora upright, face frontal. From top border what looks like a strigil and aryballos hanging, but perhaps buds. I

The type as AGGems nos. 103-7, pl. 7. The satyrs have equine feet.

West

31/14 Cagliari 19799, from Tharros. AG pl. 15.17; Atti I.Conv.Ital. pl. 13.6. OrAnt 23 (1984) pl. 7.3 (Acquaro). BH;PB. The woman raises an arm. Flower or letter (zayn) below. I

31/15 Sassari, Mus. Sanna 2881, from Tharros. OrAnt 23 (1984) pl. 7.1-2 (Acquaro). BH.;PB. Two flowers at border.

West

31/16 Ibiza no. 215 (Ibiza 7401). BH. Kneeling-running, looking back at a monkey squatting holding a leaping animal (like a long-nosed hare). Pointed ears. I

31/17 Cagliari, from Caralis. Taramelli, 160, fig. 75. BH;EXO. Kneeling to r. holding a long object horizontally; pointed ears. Bud at top border.

31/18 St Petersburg 550. BH; block exergue; holes for inlay - two on head, one at junction of elytra. Squatting, holding a bow and small goat. Heavily muscled, pointed ears. I

31/19 New York, Rosen 215. BH;EXnb. Satyr with equine feet grapples a rearing lion holding its forepaws, in the usual pose for Bes or a king/deity fighting a lion. III

OTHER MATERIALS

31/X1 Karthago II, no. 379. Clay bulla. BH. Facing.

31/X2 Karthago III, no. 64. Clay bulla. Facing.

West

31/X3 Cagliari 19797, from Tharros. AG pl. 15.18. Rock crystal. BH. Walks holding jug and small footed amphora (?), an amphora before him.

31/X4 Cagliari 19798, from Tharros. Cornelian. BH. Runs holding jug and cup; hoofs, tailless.

31/X5 Coll. Salvatore Corta, from Tharros. Marmora, pl. B 107; Ann 1877, 74, 1. Cornelian. BL. Stands holding jug and cup.

31/X6 Unknown, from Tunisia. Cornelian. BH. Runs holding wreath.

East

31/X7 Jerusalem, Rockefeller IAA 34.465, from Tell abu Hawam. QDAP 4 (1935) 18, no. 48; CSAPI I, no. 2. Plain quartz. BH. A dancing satyr? with a uraeus (or jar?) in front. III