Useful links for the Study of Gandharan Art
Museums and Collections in Pakistan and Afghanistan
International Museums and Collections
Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Oxford
The Asian Art Museum, San Francisco
Eastern Art Online from the Ashmolean Museum
British Museum, London
Government Museum & Art Gallery, Chandigarh
Hirayama Ikuo Silk Road Museum
Indian Museum, Kolkata
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
MNAAG, Paris (Musée national des arts asiatiques-Guimet)
MNAO, Rome (Museo Nazionale d'Arte Orientale "Giuseppe Tucci") Translate page to English to view.
Museum für Asiatische Kunst, Berlin
Penn Museum (University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology & Anthropology) Gandhara collection
Ryukoku Museum, Kyoto
Victoria & Albert Museum, London
Research Centres and Other Organizations
A Rough Guide to Kushan History (by Robert Bracey)
Boston University Libraries - resources and links on Buddhist arts, including a section on Gandhara
Gandhari.org (important resources for the study of Gandhari language and texts, by Dr Stefan Baums and Dr Andrew Glass)
The Huntington Archive: a wealth of resources for Buddhist and Asian art, including image database.
Buddhist Art News (blog)
Digital Silk Road Project from National Institute of Informatics, Japan (in Japanese and English): many resources, including digitized books relevant to Gandhara
Dr Markus Mode's Gandhara bibliography (University of Halle-Wittenberg)
Encyclopaedia Iranica (research tool for the study of Iranian civilization, covering the Middle East, Central Asia, and the Indian Subcontinent)
Europeana Collections (aggregates material from many public museum databases: search for 'Gandhara' to find more than 250 records)
Google Arts & Culture (search site for 'Gandhara' to find many images and tours of international museum collections etc.)
The Hellenistic Far East Bibliography, by Dr Rachel Mairs
The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (includes nearly 500 historic images of Gandharan sculptures, most out of copyright and free to use)
I. Ali and M.N. Qazi, Gandhara Sculptures in the Peshawar Museum (Life Story of Buddha) (Mansehra, 2008)
K. Behrendt, The Art of Gandhara in the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, 2007)
S. Glenn, Graeco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek Coins: A Bibliography of the Numismatics of the Hellenistic Far East (online publication, first edition, 2016)
H. Hargreaves, Handbook to the Sculptures in the Peshawar Museum (Revised edition, Calcutta 1930)
Pakistan Heritage. Peer reviewed journal from the Archaeology Department of Hazara University; volume 4 (2012) onwards online.
UNESCO, History of Civilizations of Central Asia (online publication in six volumes; includes Gandharan art and the Kushans)
We are pleased to receive corrections and suggestions of additions to this list.
